The Effect of Black Soybean Extract (Glycine soja) as Anti-Hypertension and Proteinuria on Kidney Damage in Female Rats Modeling Preeclampsia

Abstract

Preeclampsia is one of the serious complications of pregnancy, characterized by increased blood pressure and proteinuria, which can cause organ damage, including the kidneys. Black soybean (Glycine soja) contains isoflavones that have the potential as phytoestrogens and have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of black soybean extract in preventing hypertension and proteinuria, as well as its effect on kidney damage in female rats as a preeclampsia model. Methods: Wistar rats were divided into five groups: negative control (K-), positive control (K+) induced by preeclampsia, and three treatment groups (P1, P2, P3) given black soybean extract at doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg/100 grams of body weight. The preeclampsia model was induced by testosterone propionate injection. Assessment of kidney damage was carried out through histopathological analysis and measurement of urine protein levels using the Bradford method. Results: The results showed that the positive control group (K+) experienced the highest kidney damage, while the treatment group showed significant improvement with increasing doses of black soybean extract. Urinary protein levels also decreased with increasing doses, with group P3 showing the lowest levels (85.81 mg/dL). Conclusion: Black soybean extract has potential as a therapeutic agent in reducing hypertension and proteinuria in preeclampsia models. Higher doses of the extract provided a stronger protective effect against kidney damage. This study provides a basis for further studies on the mechanisms and optimal doses of black soybean extract in the management of preeclampsia